Pakafukufuku wochititsa chidwi, ofufuza adafufuza momwe ma sieve powders osiyanasiyana a molekyulu amagwirira ntchito polimbana ndi fume. Kafukufukuyu adayang'ana pamitundu yambiri ya masieve a mamolekyu, kuphatikiza 3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, ndi MCM-41-Si, ndicholinga chofuna kudziwa zomwe angathe pochepetsa mpweya woipa panthawi yamakampani.
Kuponderezedwa kwa fume ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, makamaka omwe amagwira ntchito zotentha kwambiri monga zitsulo, kuwotcherera, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Kutuluka kwa utsi kumatha kubweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu chaumoyo kwa ogwira ntchito komanso kumathandizira kuwononga chilengedwe. Momwemonso, kufunikira kwa njira zopondereza zogwira mtima sikunakhale kovutirapo.
Masieve a mamolekyulu ndi zida zamakristali zokhala ndi kukula kofananira kwa pore zomwe zimatha kutsatsa mamolekyu motengera kukula ndi mawonekedwe awo. Katundu wapaderawa amawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulekanitsa gasi, catalysis, ndipo, monga momwe kafukufukuyu akusonyezera, kuponderezedwa kwa fume. Ofufuzawo anayesa kuwunika momwe ma sieve ufa amagwirira ntchito pogwira komanso kuletsa utsi woyipa.
Phunzirolo linayamba ndi kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane za katundu wa masikelo osankhidwa a maselo. Sieve za 3A ndi 5A, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimatha kutsatsa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono, zidayesedwa pamodzi ndi ma pore sieves akuluakulu, monga 10X ndi 13X, omwe amatha kutenga mamolekyu akulu agasi. Sieve ya NaY, mtundu wa zeolite, idaphatikizidwanso chifukwa cha malo ake apamwamba komanso kuthekera kosinthana kwa ion. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ya MCM-41, MCM-41-Al ndi MCM-41-Si, idasankhidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera a mesoporous, omwe amapereka njira yosiyana yotsatsira poyerekeza ndi zeolite zachikhalidwe.
Gawo loyeserali lidakhudza kuyika ufa wa sieve wa ma molekyulu m'njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira utsi, kutengera mikhalidwe yomwe imapezeka m'mafakitale. Ofufuzawo anayeza kuthekera kwa sieve iliyonse pogwira utsi, kusanthula zinthu monga mphamvu ya adsorption, kuchuluka kwa utsi, komanso mphamvu yonse yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimawulutsidwa ndi mpweya.
Zotsatira zoyambirira zimasonyeza kuti machitidwe a maselo a maselo amasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi momwe amapangidwira komanso momwe amapangidwira. Masefa a 3A ndi 5A adawonetsa kuthekera kodabwitsa potsatsa tinthu ting'onoting'ono tofewetsa, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timadetsa nkhawa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, masifa akuluakulu a pore, makamaka 10X ndi 13X, adachita bwino kwambiri pogwira mamolekyu akuluakulu a gasi, kutanthauza kuti amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utsi wochuluka.
Sieve ya NaY idawonetsa zinthu zosinthana ndi ma ion-exchange, zomwe sizinangowonjezera mphamvu yake yolanda utsi komanso zidapangitsa kuti zinthu zina zapoizoni zisamalowerere. Izi zimayika NaY ngati woyembekeza kumakampani omwe akugwira ntchito ndi zida zowopsa, pomwe kupondereza kwa fume komanso kusalowerera ndale ndikofunikira.
MCM-41-Al ndi MCM-41-Si, ndi mawonekedwe awo apadera a mesoporous, amapereka njira yosiyana yopondereza utsi. Malo awo okwera kwambiri komanso kukula kwake kwa pore kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ma adsorption azinthu zinazake zautsi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osinthika panjira zowongolera utsi. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuthekera kwazinthu izi popanga njira zosefera zapamwamba zomwe zingagwirizane ndi zosowa zamakampani osiyanasiyana.
Pamene kafukufukuyu ankapita patsogolo, gululo linafufuzanso mphamvu zotsitsimutsa za sieve za maselo. Kuthekera kobwezeretsanso mphamvu ya adsorptive ya sieve mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo m'mafakitale. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti ma sieves ambiri oyesedwa amatha kubwezeretsedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otenthetsera, kulola kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza popanda kutaya kwakukulu kwa ntchito.
Zotsatira za phunziroli zimapitirira kupyola muyeso chabe. Pozindikira ndi kukhathamiritsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ufa wa maselo a sieve, mafakitale amatha kuchepetsa malo awo okhala ndi chilengedwe komanso kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chapantchito. Zomwe zapezazi zikusonyeza kuti kuphatikiza zidazi mumayendedwe omwe alipo kale kungapangitse kuti pakhale njira zabwino komanso zokhazikika.
Pomaliza, kafukufuku watsopanoyu akuwunikira kuthekera kwa ufa wa sieve wa ma molekyulu ngati othandizira kupondereza utsi. Ndi katundu wawo wapadera ndi kuthekera kwawo, sieves monga 3A, 5A, 10X, 13X, NaY, MCM-41-Al, ndi MCM-41-Si amapereka mayankho odalirika pazovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha mpweya woyipa m'mafakitale. Pamene mafakitale akupitiriza kufunafuna njira zogwirira ntchito zokhazikika komanso zotetezeka, zidziwitso zomwe apeza kuchokera ku kafukufukuyu zingapangitse njira yopangira njira zamakono zoyendetsera utsi zomwe zimayika patsogolo thanzi ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Kufufuza kwina ndi mgwirizano pakati pa akatswiri a maphunziro ndi mafakitale zikhala zofunikira kuti zisinthe zomwe zapezazi kukhala zothandiza, zomwe zimathandizira kuti mafakitale azikhala aukhondo komanso otetezeka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-19-2024
