Ndi kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa mphamvu zoyenga padziko lonse lapansi, kuchulukirachulukira kwamafuta amafuta, komanso kukwera kosalekeza kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu zopangira mankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenga zakhala zikukulirakulira. Pakati pawo, chiwonjezeko chofulumira kwambiri chiri m’maiko atsopano azachuma ndi maiko otukuka kumene.
Chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira, zopangira ndi zida za chipangizo chilichonse choyenga, kuti agwiritse ntchito zopangira zomwe akulimbana nazo kuti apeze mankhwala abwino kapena zopangira mankhwala, kusankha kwa chothandizira ndi kusinthika kwabwino kapena kusankha kumatha kuthana ndi zovuta zazikulu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ku Asia Pacific, Africa ndi Middle East, kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ndi kukula kwazinthu zonse, kuphatikiza kuyenga, polymerization, kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala, ndi zina zambiri ndizokwera kuposa za madera otukuka ku Europe ndi United States.
M'tsogolomu, kukula kwa mafuta a hydrogenation kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, kutsatiridwa ndi distillate hydrogenation yapakati, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, naphtha hydrogenation, mafuta olemera (otsalira otsalira) hydrogenation, alkylation (superposition), kusintha, etc., ndi lolingana kufunikira kwa catalyst kudzawonjezekanso chimodzimodzi.
Komabe, chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito zopangira zoyenga zamafuta, kuchuluka kwa zopangira zoyenga mafuta sikungachuluke ndikukulitsa mphamvu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamalonda zamsika, zogulitsa kwambiri ndi hydrogenation catalysts (hydrotreating and hydrocracking, accounting for 46% of the total), kutsatiridwa ndi FCC catalysts (40%), kutsatiridwa ndi zosintha zosintha (8%), alkylation catalysts (5%). ndi ena (1%).
Nazi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimathandizira makampani ambiri odziwika padziko lonse lapansi:
Makampani 10 odziwika padziko lonse lapansi othandizira othandizira
1. Grace Davison, USA
Grace Corporation idakhazikitsidwa mu 1854 ndipo likulu lawo ku Columbia, Maryland. Grace Davidson ndiye mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse pa kafukufuku ndi kupanga zida zothandizira za FCC ndipo ndi omwe amapereka kwambiri FCC ndi hydrogenation catalysts padziko lonse lapansi.
Kampaniyi ili ndi magawo awiri ogwira ntchito zamabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi, Grace Davison ndi Grace Specialty Chemicals, ndi magawo asanu ndi atatu azinthu. Bizinesi ya Grace Davidson imaphatikizapo zopangira za FCC, zopangira ma hydrotreating, zida zapadera kuphatikiza zopangira polyolefin ndi zonyamulira zonyamula, ndi zida za silicon-based kapena silical-aluminium-based engineering engineering zokutira zama digito pamafakitale, ogula, ndi mapepala osindikizira a inkjet. Bizinesi ya hydrotreating catalyst imayendetsedwa ndi ART, kampani yogwirizana.
2, Albemarle American specialty chemicals (ALbemarle) Gulu
Mu 1887, Arbel Paper Company idakhazikitsidwa ku Richmond, Virginia.
Mu 2004, bizinesi yothandizira mafuta a Akzo-Nobel inapezedwa, inalowa mwalamulo m'munda wa zopangira zoyenga mafuta, ndipo inapanga gawo la bizinesi lothandizira ndi polyolefin catalysts; Khalani wachiwiri kwa opanga othandizira kwambiri a FCC padziko lonse lapansi.
Pakalipano, ili ndi zomera zoposa 20 zopanga ku North America, Europe, Middle East, South America, Japan ndi China.
Arpels ili ndi malo 8 a R&D m'maiko 5 komanso maofesi ogulitsa m'maiko opitilira 40. Ndiwopanga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wamafuta oletsa moto a brominated, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, zamagetsi, zamankhwala, zaulimi, mafakitale amagalimoto, zomangamanga ndi zonyamula.
Bizinesi yayikulu imaphatikizapo zowonjezera za polima, zothandizira ndi chemistry yabwino magawo atatu.
Pali mitundu inayi ikuluikulu ya zowonjezera polima: retardants lawi, antioxidants, machiritso ndi stabilizers;
Bizinesi ya Catalyst ili ndi magawo atatu: chothandizira choyenga, chothandizira cha polyolefin, chothandizira mankhwala;
Ma Chemicals Abwino Mapangidwe abizinesi: mankhwala ogwira ntchito (penti, aluminiyamu), mankhwala abwino (mankhwala a bromine, mankhwala opangira mafuta) ndi apakatikati (mankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo).
Pakati pa magawo atatu abizinesi a kampani ya Alpels, ndalama zomwe amagulitsa pachaka pazowonjezera za polima zinali zazikulu kwambiri, zotsatiridwa ndi zolimbikitsa, ndipo ndalama zogulitsa mankhwala abwino zinali zocheperako, koma m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, ndalama zogulitsira pachaka zidathandizira. Bizinesi yakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuyambira 2008, idapitilira bizinesi yowonjezera ma polima.
Bizinesi ya Catalyst ndiye gawo lalikulu la bizinesi ya Arpell. Arpels ndi wachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi popereka zida zopangira ma hydrotreating (30% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi) komanso m'modzi mwa atatu apamwamba kwambiri ogulitsa othandizira padziko lonse lapansi.
3. Dow Chemicals
Dow Chemical ndi kampani yopanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana yomwe ili ku Michigan, USA, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1897 ndi Herbert Henry Dow. Imagwira ntchito zopangira 214 m'maiko 37, okhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 5,000, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo opitilira 10 monga magalimoto, zomangira, magetsi, ndi mankhwala. Mu 2009, Dow adayika 127th pa Fortune Global 500 ndi 34th pa Fortune National 500. Ponena za chuma chonse, ndi kampani yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yachiwiri kwa DuPont Chemical ya United States; Pankhani ya ndalama zapachaka, ilinso kampani yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pambuyo pa BASF yaku Germany; Ogwira ntchito oposa 46,000 padziko lonse lapansi; Imagawidwa m'magawo 7 abizinesi ndi mtundu wazogulitsa: Pulasitiki Yogwira Ntchito, Mankhwala Ogwira Ntchito, Sayansi Yaulimi, Pulasitiki, Chemicals Basic, Hydrocarbons ndi Energy, Venture Capital. Bizinesi ya Catalysts ndi gawo la Functional Chemicals gawo.
Zothandizira za Dow ndi izi: NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst; METEOR™ chothandizira cha ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; SHAC™ ndi SHAC™ ADT polypropylene catalysts; DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol Chothandizira; Ndilo gulu lotsogola padziko lonse lapansi lopanga zopangira polypropylene.
4. ExxonMobil
Exxonmobil ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yamafuta, yomwe ili ku Texas, USA. Kampaniyo, yomwe poyamba inkadziwika kuti Exxon Corporation ndi Mobil Corporation, idaphatikizidwa ndikukonzedwanso pa November 30, 1999. Kampaniyi ndi kampani ya makolo a ExxonMobil, Mobil ndi Esso padziko lonse lapansi.
Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1882, Exxon ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri yamafuta ku United States komanso imodzi mwamakampani asanu ndi awiri akulu komanso akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1882, Mobil Corporation ndi kampani yamitundu yonse yophatikiza kufufuza ndi chitukuko, kuyenga ndi mafakitale a petrochemical.
Exxon ndi Mobil ali ndi malikulu akumtunda ku Houston, likulu lakumunsi ku Fairfax, ndi likulu lamakampani ku Irving, Texas. Exxon ali ndi 70% ya kampaniyo ndipo Mobil ali ndi 30%. Exxonmobil, kudzera m'mabungwe ake, ikugwira ntchito m'maiko ndi madera pafupifupi 200 padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imalemba ntchito anthu opitilira 80,000.
Zogulitsa zazikulu za Exxonmobil zimaphatikizapo mafuta ndi gasi, zinthu zamafuta ndi mafuta a petrochemical, ndiwopanga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa olefins monomer ndi polyolefin, kuphatikiza ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene; Bizinesi yochititsa chidwi ndi ya ExxonMobil Chemical. Exxonmobil Chemical imagawidwa m'magawo anayi abizinesi: ma polima, mafilimu a polima, mankhwala ndi ukadaulo, ndipo zothandizira ndi gawo laukadaulo.
UNIVATION, mgwirizano wa 50-50 pakati pa ExxonMobil ndi Dow Chemical Company, ili ndi ukadaulo wa UNIPOL™ polyethylene komanso zida za UCAT™ ndi XCAT™ zotchedwa polyolefin.
5. UOP Global Oil Products Company
Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1914 ndipo ili ku Desprine, Illinois, Global Oil Products ndi kampani yapadziko lonse lapansi. Pa Novembala 30, 2005, UOP idakhala gawo la Honeywell ngati gawo labizinesi yaukadaulo ya Honeywell's Specialty Materials.
UOP imagwira ntchito m'magawo asanu ndi atatu: mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ndi Chemicals, adsorbents, zapaderazi ndi zinthu zomwe amakonda, zoyenga petroleum, Aromatics and derivatives, linear alkyl benzene and advanced olefins, Light olefins ndi zida, kukonza gasi, ndi ntchito.
UOP imapereka mapangidwe, uinjiniya, ntchito zamaupangiri, kupereka zilolezo ndi ntchito, ukadaulo wopanga ndi kupanga zopangira, masieve a maselo, ma adsorbents ndi zida zapadera zoyenga mafuta, petrochemical ndi gasi wachilengedwe, okhala ndi zilolezo 65 zaukadaulo zomwe zilipo.
UOP ndiye wothandizira wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa zeolite ndi aluminium phosphate zeolite wokhala ndi zinthu zopitilira 150 zeolite zothira madzi, kuchotsa zonyansa komanso kulekanitsa zinthu zamagesi oyeretsera ndi zinthu zamadzimadzi. Kuchuluka kwapachaka kwa sieve ya maselo kumafika matani 70,000. M'munda wa ma sieve adsorbents, UOP ili ndi 70% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
UOP ndiyenso wopanga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa aluminiyamu, okhala ndi zinthu kuphatikiza pseudo-alumina, beta-alumina, gamma-alumina ndi α-alumina, zomwe zimapereka zonyamula zotumphukira za aluminiyamu ndi aluminiyamu/silica-aluminium ozungulira.
UOP ili ndi ma patent opitilira 9,000 padziko lonse lapansi ndipo yapanga zida pafupifupi 4,000 pogwiritsa ntchito ma patent ake m'maiko opitilira 80. Makumi asanu ndi limodzi pa zana aliwonse amafuta padziko lonse lapansi amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa UOP. Pafupifupi theka la zotsukira zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka padziko lapansi zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa UOP. Mwa njira zazikulu 36 zoyenga zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano pamakampani amafuta, 31 zidapangidwa ndi UOP. Pakalipano, UOP imapanga pafupifupi 100 zinthu zochititsa chidwi ndi zotsatsa zosiyanasiyana zamakina ake ovomerezeka ndi makampani ena, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenga minda monga kusintha, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining ndi oxidative desulphurization, komanso m'madera a petrochemical kuphatikizapo kupanga aromatics. (benzene, toluene and xylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene and cyclohexane.
Zothandizira zazikulu za UOP zikuphatikizapo: chothandizira kusintha, C4 isomerization chothandizira, C5 ndi C6 isomerization chothandizira, chothandizira xylene isomerization, chothandizira cha hydrocracking chili ndi mitundu iwiri ya hydrocracking ndi yofatsa hydrocracking, chothandizira cha hydrotreating, hydrotreating catalyst, mafuta desulfurization confectionery, mafuta a desulfurization ndi kuchira. kuyeretsa adsorbents.
6, ART American advanced refining technology kampani
Advanced Refining Technologies idapangidwa mu 2001 ngati mgwirizano wa 50-50 pakati pa Chevron Oil Products ndi Grace-Davidson. ART idakhazikitsidwa kuti iphatikize mphamvu zaukadaulo za Grace ndi Chevron kuti apange ndi kugulitsa zida za hydrogenation kumakampani oyenga padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopangira ma hydrogenation, ikupereka zoposa 50% zazinthu zopangira hydrogenation padziko lonse lapansi.
ART imalumikiza malonda ndi ntchito zake kudzera m'madipatimenti ogulitsa ndi maofesi a Grace Corporation ndi Chevron Corporation padziko lonse lapansi.
ART ili ndi zopangira zinayi zopangira zinthu komanso malo amodzi opangira kafukufuku. ART imapanga zopangira hydrocracking, mild hydrocracking, isomerization dewaxing, isomerization reforming ndi hydrofining.
Zothandizira zazikulu zimaphatikizapo Isocracking® ya isomerization, Isofinishing® ya isomerization, hydrocracking, mild hydrocracking, hydrofining, hydrotreating, residual hydrotreating.
7. Univation Inc
Univation, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1997 ndipo ili ku Houston, Texas, ndi mgwirizano wa 50:50 pakati pa ExxonMobil Chemical Company ndi Dow Chemical Company.
Univation imagwira ntchito bwino pakusamutsa ukadaulo wa UNIPOL™ fumed polyethylene ndi zothandizira, ndipo ndiyomwe imapereka ziphaso zaukadaulo padziko lonse lapansi komanso ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi othandizira pamakampani a polyethylene. Ndilo lachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi kupanga ndi kugulitsa zopangira polyethylene, zomwe zimawerengera 30% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Zothandizira za kampaniyi zimapangidwa kumalo ake a Mont Belvieu, Seadrift ndi Freeport ku Texas.
Njira yopangira polyethylene ya Univation, yomwe imadziwika kuti UNIPOL™, pakadali pano ili ndi mizere yopangira polyethylene yopitilira 100 yomwe ikugwira ntchito kapena ikumangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito UNIPOL™ m'maiko 25, omwe ndi opitilira 25% padziko lonse lapansi.
Zothandizira kwambiri ndi: 1)UCAT™ chromium catalyst ndi Ziegler-Natta catalyst; 2) XCAT™ metallocene chothandizira, malonda dzina EXXPOL; 3) PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4) UT ™ deaeration chothandizira.
8. BASF
Likulu lawo ku Munich, Germany, BASF ndi imodzi mwa makampani opanga mankhwala ophatikizika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi zinthu zopitilira 8,000, kuphatikiza mankhwala okwera mtengo, mapulasitiki, utoto, zokutira zamagalimoto, zoteteza zomera, mankhwala, mankhwala abwino, mafuta ndi gasi.
Basf ndiye wopanga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, aniline, caprolactam ndi foamed styrene. Polypropylene, polystyrene, hydroxyl alcohol ndi zinthu zina zili pachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi; Ethylbenzene, mphamvu yopanga styrene ili pachitatu padziko lonse lapansi. Basf ndi amodzi mwa omwe amapereka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zowonjezera zakudya, kuphatikiza ma mono-vitamini, ma multivitamini, carotenoids, ma lysines, ma enzymes ndi zosungira chakudya.
Basf ili ndi magawo asanu ndi limodzi abizinesi: Chemicals, Plastics, Functional Solutions, Performance Products, Agrochemicals ndi Mafuta & Gasi.
Basf ndi kampani yokhayo padziko lonse lapansi yomwe imakhudza bizinesi yonse yothandizira, yokhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 200 yazinthu zothandizira. Zimaphatikizapo: chothandizira kuyeretsa mafuta (chothandizira cha FCC), chothandizira magalimoto, chothandizira mankhwala (copper chromium catalyst ndi ruthenium catalyst, etc.), chothandizira kuteteza chilengedwe, chothandizira oxidation dehydrogenation ndi dehydrogenation purification catalyst.
Basf ndi yachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga zopangira zopangira za FCC, ndipo pafupifupi 12% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi woyenga zothandizira.
9. BP British Oil Company
BP ndi imodzi mwamakampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi ophatikizika ndi mafuta amitundumitundu, omwe ali ku London, UK; bizinesi ya kampani chimakwirira maiko ndi zigawo zoposa 100, kuphatikizapo kufufuza mafuta ndi gasi ndi kupanga, kuyenga ndi malonda, mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mbali zitatu zazikulu; BP imagawidwa m'magulu atatu amalonda: Kufufuza ndi Kupanga Mafuta ndi Gasi, Kuyeretsa ndi Kutsatsa, ndi mabizinesi ena (mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi Marine). Bizinesi yothandiza ya BP ndi gawo la Refining and Marketing Division.
Petrochemical mankhwala monga magulu awiri, gulu loyamba ndi onunkhira ndi acetic asidi mndandanda mankhwala, makamaka PTA, PX ndi asidi asidi; Gulu lachiwiri ndi olefins ndi zotumphukira zake, makamaka kuphatikiza ethylene, propylene ndi zotumphukira zotsika. BP's PTA(zikuluzikulu zopangira poliyesitala), PX (zopangira zazikulu zopangira PTA) ndi mphamvu yopanga asidi ya acetic imakhala yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi. BP yapanga ukadaulo wa eni ake popanga PX kutengera chothandizira chake cha isomerization komanso ukadaulo waluso wa crystallization. BP ili ndi luso lotsogola lovomerezeka popanga Cativa® acetic acid.
Bizinesi ya BP's olefins and derivatives imapezeka makamaka ku China ndi Malaysia.
10, Sud-Chemie German Southern Chemical Company
Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1857, Southern Chemical Company ndi kampani yopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala omwe ali ndi mbiri yopitilira zaka 150, yomwe ili ku Munich, Germany.
Nanfang Chemical Company mwachindunji kapena m'njira ina okwana makampani wocheperapo 77, kuphatikizapo 5 makampani zoweta ku Germany, 72 makampani akunja, motero ndi adsorbent ndi chothandizira magawano awiri, kwa petrochemical, processing chakudya, ogula katundu, kuponyera, mankhwala madzi, chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi mafakitale ena kuti apereke chithandizo chapamwamba, adsorbent ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi zothetsera.
Bizinesi yothandizira ya Nanfang Chemical Company ndi ya Catalyst Division. Gawoli lili ndi Catalyst Technology, Energy and Environment.
Gawo la Catalyst Technology lagawidwa m'magulu anayi abizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi: zopangira ma chemical reaction, petrochemical catalysts, zoyenga mafuta ndi zopangira ma polymerization.
Mitundu yothandizira ya Nanfang Chemical makamaka imaphatikizapo: chothandizira choyeretsa zopangira, petrochothandizira mankhwala, chothandizira mankhwala, chothandizira kuyeretsa mafuta, chothandizira cha olefin polymerization, chothandizira kuyeretsa mpweya, chothandizira ma cell cell.
Zindikirani: Pakalipano, Southern Chemical Company (SUD-Chemie) yapezedwa ndi Clariant!
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-17-2023
